Chapter 5
Legalism
A philosophy were the ruler of the empire sets out laws that were enforced by giving rewards to those who followed them and punishing those who apposed them.
Confucianism
An ancient Chinese philosophy in which there were no enforced laws like those in Legalism but moral examples of superiors. (Example: Father superior to son, Elder to younger, ruler to subject)
Ban Zhao
A famous women writer in ancient China who wrote a book called Lessons for Women that talked about how a women should act and also tried to better prepare women to serve their husband.
Daoism
A philosophy created in China by Laozi were people give up social lives and become one with nature. The way of nature, or dao, is the central concept of Daoism that is the way of nature, a principle that rules all natural phenomenons.
Vedas
An ancient book that has a collection of rituals, hymns, prayers and poems. They also capture some of what Indian culture and religion was like in the formation of the Indian civilization (about 1500 B.C.E to 600 B.C.E)
Upanishads
A series of ancient text that for a theoretical basis of the Hinduism religion. It is believed that the Upanishads contain the real truth of the Ultimate Reality were ones atman (individual human soul) gets released from the cycle of reincarnation and is joined with Brahman, the World Soul
Siddhartha Gautama ( the Buddha)
A prince from a state in Northern India that went on a six year spiritual quest and achieved enlightenment at the end of his quest. He spent the rest of his life Siddhartha taught what he learned on the quest to other people who saw him as the Buddha, The Enlightened One.
Theravada/Mahayana
Theravada: a new religion based off of Buddhism that viewed Buddha as a wise teacher but not divine. Everyone was on there own to reach nirvana.
Mahayana: another religion based off of Buddhism were bodhisattvas (spiritually developed people who postponed there entry into nirvana to help those who were suffering) helped people who were still suffering on there way to nirvana. The Buddha was looked at as a god and is said that past and future Buddha could help in getting people to nirvana.
Mahayana: another religion based off of Buddhism were bodhisattvas (spiritually developed people who postponed there entry into nirvana to help those who were suffering) helped people who were still suffering on there way to nirvana. The Buddha was looked at as a god and is said that past and future Buddha could help in getting people to nirvana.
Bhagavad Gita
A Hindu text about a hero Arjuna. Is one of the many epic poems written in a book called the Mahabharata.
Zoroastrianism
A religion created by Zarathustra in the Persian Empire were there is only one god, Ahura Mazda, who was the god who ruled the world and brings light and goodness. There was also another supernatural figure named Angra Mainyu, who brought evil. On the day of judgement those who chose Ahura Mazda would gain new bodies and live forever in Paradise while those who chose Angra Mainyu would be punished for eternity.
Judaism
An ancient monotheistic religion that has all of its cultural traditions recorded in the Old Testament.
Greek Rationalism
The belief that reason and logic is the primary knowledge of truth and is gained by asking questions
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Socrates: An Athenian philosopher that used Greek Rationalism to teach others. He was later executed for corrupting the people of Athens. _____________________________________________________________________________________
Plato: A Greek person who wrote the book The Republic were only people who could see through the illusions of the material world and grasp the "world of forms" were able to rule
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Aristotle: A student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great that wrote down comments and observations on everything and said that "virtue was the product of rational training and cultivated habit and could be learned"
Plato: A Greek person who wrote the book The Republic were only people who could see through the illusions of the material world and grasp the "world of forms" were able to rule
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Aristotle: A student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great that wrote down comments and observations on everything and said that "virtue was the product of rational training and cultivated habit and could be learned"
Jesus of Nazareth
The creator of the Christian religion that began a three year of teaching and doing miracle work before he got in trouble with the Roman Empire and was executed.
Saint Paul
An early convert who began the transformation of Christianity to a world religion by going on missionary journeys in the eastern part of the Roman Empire that lead to the founding of small Christian communities.