Chapter 11
Quran
A book that holds all of that Muhammad said. They later became sacred scripts.
Ummu
The community of all the people who believe in Islamic religion.
Pillars of Islam
The core message that the Quran says. The first being that there is only one God and Muhammad is his messenger. The second being to prayer five times a day facing Mecca. The third being that you have to support the poor and needy that are in your community. The fourth being a month of fasting during Ramadan were you cannot eat, drink, and do sexual activities during the daylight hours. The fifth being the pilgrimage to Mecca.
Hijra
The emigration to Yathrib.
Sharia
The one law that regulates every aspect of life.
Jizya
A special tax people paid if they wanted to freely practice their own religion.
Ulama
For Sunni Muslims this was religious authority from the larger community. For Shia Muslims this was invested in there leaders who lacked the religious authority.
Umayyad caliphate
The rulers of the first Muslim dynasty that ruled from 661 to 750.
Abbasid caliphate
The rulers of the second Muslim dynasty that was shattered politically a little bit after the new dynasty began.
Al-Ghazali
A philosopher that was one of the most influential philosophers in Sunni Islam and incorporated Sufism into Islamic thinking.
Sikhism
A monotheistic religion that was founded during the 15th century in India.
Anatolia
Once part of the Byzantine Empire until it was overthrown in the 15th century by the Turkic people.
Ibn Battuta
A famous traveler that traveled thought out Eurasia and Africa.
Timbuktu
A town in the middle of the Mali Empire that became a major center of Islamic religion.
Al-Andalus
The site were Islamic religion encountered with Catholic Europe that occurred in Spain.
Madrassas
Formal colleges that offered more advanced instruction in the Quran and the sayings of Muhammad.
House of Wisdom
An institute of translation and research center, a library and is considered to be an interlingual hub during the golden age of Islam.
Ibn Sina
An Islamic writer in a lot of different fields of science and philosophy and is known for writing Canon of Medicine, a14 volume book about the standards of medical practice in Islamic and Christian worlds.
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