Chapter 19
Social Darwinism
The belief that the strongest and dominate race was meant to rule over all while the lesser races were destined to die.
Taiping Uprising
An uprising between 1850 and 1864 were Chinese people sought to change the government and religion of Qing Dynasty China to Christianity and modernize China.
Opium Wars
A series of wars between Britain and China that started from China rejecting and kicking out European opium traders. The first war was settled by a treaty were some ports were opened to European traders but then the Second Opium War started and was won by Britain which gave Europe more control over China.
Unequal Treaties
Treaties that China was forced to sign that deteriorated there independence.
Self-strengthening Movement
Policies set in the 1860's and 1870's that were supposed to reignite the traditional ways of China.
Boxer Uprising
An uprising that lasted from 1898 to 1901 were a group of militia people from Northern China tried to get rid of the foreign powers taking control of China but failed and got China severely punished.
China, 1911
The year in which the ancient Chinese government failed and collapsed.
"The Sick Man of Europe"
The Ottoman Empire nickname when it was no longer able to keep up with the other world powers in equality or superiority.
Tanzimat
The reorganization of the Ottoman Empire to be modernized and westernized.
Young Ottomans
The younger Ottomans that wanted to turn the Ottoman Empire into a more European government.
Sultan Abd al-Hamid II
A sultan that ruled from 1876 to 1909 that started to accept some western ideas but then later reverted to the old system due to Russian pressures.
Young Turks
A group of military and civilian elites that were against the old ways of the Ottoman Empire and wanted to continue to modernize the Ottoman Empire and thought that the Ottoman Empire was a Turkic nation.
Informal Empires
An empire or country that established a sphere of influence into another country that is not controlled by them.
Tokugawa Japan
A 250 year era of peace in Japan under the control of the Tokugawa Family and also created an economical boom some social changes done by the people.
Meiji Restoration
The period of time were Japan was being westernized, modernized, and industrialized.
Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
A war that was held between Japan and Russia over territory claims were Japan came victorious and became one of the world powers.