Chapter 12
Pastoralism
The practice of herding animals as a main economic activity.
Xiongnu
An early nomadic confederacy that was established during the Han dynasty. Their constant raids on northern China caused the Chinese emperor to make an agreement with them so that they would stop raiding them. The empire later disintegrated under constant counter attacks by China.
Modun
A ruler of the Xiongnu Empire who reigned from 210 to 174 B.C.E and united the multiple tribes of the Mongolian steppes into a centralized and hierarchical political state.
Turks
Nomads from Mongolia and southern Siberia that migrated westward and created a series of empires between 552 and 965.
Masai
A tribal group of people that were both agrarian and pastoral people who later gave up agriculture as they moved to a more arid part of Kenya. Some of them later adopted agrarian but were forced to the edges of Masai territory.
Temujin/Chinggis Khan
The creator and first ruler of the Mongol Empire. He united the separate tribes of Mongolia and created the empire.
The Mongol World War
A 50 year long war that was a series of military campaigns, massive killing, and empire building
Yuan Dynasty China
A dynasty in China in which the Mongol Empire conquered both Northern and Southern China and unified them as a whole in a new dynasty that lasted a little over a century. They were later driven out of China in 1368.
Khubilai Khan
The grandson of Chinggis Khan that ruled from 1271 to 1294. He was the emperor of China and helped its economy a little.
Hulegu
Another grandson of Chinggis Khan that was the first il-khan (or subordinate khan) of Persia.
Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde
One of the four khanate's that the Mongol Empire was divided up into. Flourished between the mid-13th century and the end of the 14th century.
Black Death/Plague
A period of time were and epidemic of bubonic plague and strains similar to it spread though out Europe and Asia through trading routes, killing off more than one-third of the population.